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Convert file sizes instantly (KB, MB, GB, TB). Free online calculator for cloud storage, backups, and AI datasets with decimal & binary units.
1 bit = 1/8 byte
1 KB = 1,000 bytes
1 MB = 1,000,000 bytes
1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes
1 TB = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes
1 PB = 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
1 EB = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
1 ZB = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
1 YB = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
1 bit = 1/8 byte
1 KiB = 1,024 bytes
1 MiB = 1,048,576 bytes
1 GiB = 1,073,741,824 bytes
1 TiB = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes
1 PiB = 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes
1 EiB = 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes
1 ZiB = 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 bytes
1 YiB = 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 bytes
Enter the value you want to convert in the input field.
Select the source unit (e.g., MB, GB, TiB) from the dropdown menu.
Choose your target unit to see the conversion instantly.
Toggle between 'Decimal' and 'Binary' modes to understand the difference between marketing labels (1 TB = 1000 GB) and actual OS space (1 TiB = 1024 GiB).
Copy the precise result to your clipboard for use in reports or configurations.
Cloud Storage Planning: Convert between decimal GB (AWS/Google Cloud) and binary GiB to estimate costs accurately.
Backup Estimation: Calculate total backup sizes for disaster recovery planning.
Upload Limit Verification: Check if files fit within email (25MB) or social media limits.
Network Transfer Planning: Estimate transfer times by converting file sizes to bits.
DevOps & Infrastructure: Size database volumes and log partitions correctly.
Content Creation: Manage video and image library storage requirements.
Data Science: Estimate memory requirements for loading large AI datasets.
Digital storage units can be confusing because there are two different systems in use. This File Size Converter helps you navigate this complexity with authority, ensuring you never miscalculate storage requirements again.
Have you ever bought a "1 TB" hard drive only to see "931 GB" in Windows? You weren't cheated. This is the result of a clash between two measurement systems:
When you plug a "1,000,000,000,000 byte" drive (Manufacturer's 1TB) into a computer, the OS divides by 1,024 three times (1024 * 1024 * 1024), resulting in approximately 931 GiB. Our tool shows you both values side-by-side so you can plan accurately.
"How many photos fit on my phone?" is one of the most common questions we get. Actual capacity varies by file format and resolution, but here are the industry-standard estimates:
| Storage Size | Photos (12MP JPEG) | Video (1080p HD) | Video (4K UHD) | Songs (MP3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 64 GB | ~16,000 | ~8.5 hours | ~2 hours | ~10,500 |
| 128 GB | ~32,000 | ~17 hours | ~4 hours | ~21,000 |
| 256 GB | ~64,000 | ~34 hours | ~8 hours | ~42,000 |
| 1 TB | ~250,000 | ~136 hours | ~32 hours | ~165,000 |
*Estimates based on: 4MB per photo, 130MB/min for 1080p, 375MB/min for 4K, and 6MB per song.
For those who want to understand the exact formulas used by our converter, here is the breakdown. The difference lies in the "base" number used for calculation.
Used for: Hard Drive Labels, Network Speeds, DVD/Blu-ray.
Value = Bytes / 1000^nUsed for: Windows OS, RAM, File Systems.
Value = Bytes / 1024^nOne of the most common points of confusion in the digital world is the difference between internet speed and file size. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) advertise speeds in Megabits per second (Mbps), but file downloads are measured in Megabytes per second (MB/s).
The conversion factor is 8. Since 1 Byte = 8 bits:
This is why a 50 MB file doesn't download instantly on a 50 Mbps connection—it actually takes about 8 seconds (plus overhead).
File size isn't just about raw data; it's about how that data is packed. Compression algorithms reduce file size to save storage and bandwidth. There are two main types:
Reduces file size without losing a single bit of data. It works by identifying patterns (e.g., "100 white pixels" instead of listing "white pixel" 100 times). When uncompressed, the file is identical to the original. Perfect for text documents, software, and professional photography.
Significantly reduces file size by permanently discarding data that the human eye or ear is less likely to notice. A high-quality JPEG might be 10x smaller than a PNG, but if you zoom in, you might see "artifacts." This is standard for streaming media and web images.
Use this quick reference to estimate your own storage needs:
You might notice that a file's "Size" and "Size on disk" are different in Windows properties. This is due to Cluster Size (or Allocation Unit Size).
Hard drives are divided into small chunks called clusters, typically 4 KB (4,096 bytes). A file must occupy a whole number of clusters.
This "Slack Space" is wasted storage. On a drive with millions of tiny files, this overhead can eat up gigabytes of space.
If you manage a server or NAS, you use RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks). RAID combines multiple drives, but it affects your total usable storage:
100% Capacity. Zero Redundancy.
Two 1TB drives = 2TB total. Fast, but if one drive fails, you lose EVERYTHING.
50% Capacity. High Redundancy.
Two 1TB drives = 1TB total. Data is copied to both. If one fails, you're safe.
(N-1) Capacity. Balanced.
Three 1TB drives = 2TB total. One drive's worth of space is used for "parity" data to rebuild failures.
50% Capacity. Best Performance.
Four 1TB drives = 2TB total. Combines striping and mirroring for speed and safety.
Always check which unit your cloud provider uses. AWS S3 uses binary units (GiB) for storage pricing but often labels them as 'GB'. Misunderstanding this difference can lead to a 7% underestimation in storage costs at the petabyte scale.